6 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USAĪbstract: Recent studies have shown that US high school students are not as prolific as other countries in terms of their performance in mathematics. 5 Acumen Research and Evaluation, 1811 N Reynolds Rd, Toledo OH, 43615, U.S.A. 4 Department of Teacher Education, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, U.S.A. 3 Department of Engineering Technology, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, U.S.A. 2 College of Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, U.S.A. Constraining short- and long-term variability is necessary to improve detection of temporal changes of CO2 fluxes in response to natural and anthropogenic drivers.Authors: Subhrajit Majumder 1 Kiyan Khaloozadeh 1 Charlene Czerniak 2 Jared Oluoch 3 Tod Shockey 4 Ahmad Javaid 1 Gale Mentzer 5 Ryan Ducket 5 and Thehazhnan Ponnaiyan 6Īffiliations: 1 Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH U.S.A. Given temporal variation remains under-represented in inventories of CO2 emissions from lakes and reservoirs, revisions in CO2 flux are needed using a better representation of sub-daily to interannual variability. Upscaled annual emissions had an average of 25% (range 3-58%) interannual variation. Diel variation converted sites to daily net sinks of CO2 in only 11% of site-months. We found pronounced diel and sub-monthly oscillatory variations in CO2 flux at all sites.
Here, we synthesize 171 site-months of eddy covariance flux measurements of CO2 from 13 lakes and reservoirs in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and quantify the magnitude and dynamics at multiple temporal scales. Accounting for temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from freshwaters remains a challenge for global and regional carbon budgets.
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